1.倒装句的定义

英语最基本的词序是主语在谓语动词的前面。

如果把谓语动词放在主语前面，就叫做倒装。

2. 倒装句的构成

a) 完全倒装

将句子的主语和谓语完全颠倒过来，称之为完全倒装。

Are you from here? 你是本地人吗?

Now comes the chance. 机会来了。

b) 部分倒装

只将助动词、系动词或情态动词移至主语之前，谓语的其他部分仍保留在主语的后面，称之为部分倒装。例如：

Has he come? 他来了吗?

Seldom have we felt as comfortable as here. 我们难得像在这里这么舒服。

Only in this way can we do the work better.

只有这样我们才能把工作做得更好。

3. 倒装的原因

a) 句子语法结构的需要。例如：

Did you attend the meeting? 你参加会议了吗?

Long live peace! 和平万岁!

b) 一些句型的固定用法。例如：

Such were his last words. 他最后的话就是这样。

c)强调的需要。倒装以后，句子更加流畅生动。例如：

Never before have we seen such a sight. 以前我们从来没有见过这样的情景。

Before us lay a lot of difficulties. 在我们前面有很多困难。

Often did we warn them not to do so. 我们曾多次警告他们不要这样做。

4. 倒装句的基本用法

a) 构成疑问句(除对主语或主语之定语提问的特殊疑问句外)：

When are we going to drink to your happiness? 我们什么时候喝你们的喜酒?

Have you seen the film? 你看了那部电影吗?

b) 在以here, there, now, then, in, away, up down等副词开头的句子中:

Away went the crowd one by one. 人们一个一个地离去。

Here comes our teacher! 我们的老师来了!

c) 副词only+状语放在句首时:

Only then did he realize his mistakes . 只有在那时他才认识到自己的错误。

Only in this way can you learn maths well . 只有用这种方法你才能学好数学。

d) 含有否定意义的副词或连词(如little, hardly, never, rarely, no sooner…than等)放在句首时:

Little did I think that he could be back alive. 我没有想到他竟能活着回来。

Not until New Year’s Day shall I give you a gift. 我要到元旦那天才能给你礼物。

Hardly had the train arrived at the station when we ran towards the sleeping car looking for our guests.

火车刚一进站，我们就跑到卧车那儿去找我们的客人。

e) 副词so或 neither(nor)在句首:

He is interested in pop-songs, and so am I.他对流行歌曲感兴趣，我也如此。

He hasn’t been to the countryside, neither does he want to go there.他没有去过农村，他也不想去那里。

f) 在方式状语thus开头的句子中及程度状语so放句首:

Thus ended his life. 这样结束了他的生命。

So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him . 他讲话的声音那样大，连隔壁屋子里的人都听得见。

2. so作“也”讲时，引导的句子用倒装语序，例如：

He went to the film last night. So did I. 他昨天晚上去看电影了，我也去了。

如不作“也”讲而只起连词作用，表示一种结果的意思，句子就要用正常语序。例如：

His mother told him to go to the film. So he did. 他母亲叫他去看电影，他就去了。

“He is a tall thin man.” “So he is.” “他又高又瘦。” “确实如此。”

3. 某些让步状语从句往往把表语提到主语前面或放在句首，以构成倒装结构。例如：

No matter how interesting the book is，he doesn't like to read it.不管这本书多有趣，他都不想看。

However hard a solid may be，we can change its shape. 不管一个固体有多硬，我们都可以改变其形状。

Young as he is, he knows a lot. 虽然他年轻，却知道很多东西。

4. 在虚拟语气中，如果非真实条件句省略if，须将主句中的were, had和should等助动词和主语颠倒形成部分倒装。例如：

Were he younger (= If he were younger), he would learn skating. 假如他年轻一些，他就会去学溜冰。

Should they forget (= If they should forget) to bring a map with them, they would get lost in the woods

如果他们忘记带一张地图的话，他们就会在深林里迷路。

Had they realized (= If they had realized) how important the task was, they wouldn’t have refused to

accept it. 假如他们认识到这个任务是多么重要的话，他们就不致于拒绝接受这项任务。